Indonesia

The practice is widespread across the country.  In 2017 the National Commission on Violence Against Women (NCVAW) and  Gadjah Mada University carried out a survey of the practice across the ten provinces which had recorded the highest prevalence in the 2013 national survey.  Within these provinces prevalence ranged from 83.7% in Gorontalo (which recorded the highest rate at 93.1% in Bone Bolango District) to 60.4% in East Kalimantan.  It is interesting to note that the latter, along with the next two with lowest prevalence, Jambi (69.7%) and West Nusa Tenggara (68.7), were the three provinces among the ten studied which have a legislative framework that supports the medicalization of FGM/C.  In these districts perda (local regulations) exist that includes FGM/C as a part of health services and so generates a levy payable to the district government.