The practice of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is widespread among the Maasai community in Kajiado, Kenya. FGM/C is associated with maintaining social status, honouring family values, and controlling female sexuality, among other factors. The practice is perpetuated through traditional beliefs and social norms, with circumcision often occurring in secret. This study aimed to understand the leadership styles and decision-making processes around FGM/C in the Maasai community to inform social change strategies to prevent FGM/C. The study used a qualitative research design to gather information from decision makers around FGM/C and child marriage, girls and boys aged 15-29 years, and key informants from NGOs. The study found that there were no differences in leadership styles and the practice of FGM/C between the two villages studied. The majority of leaders were male, with cultural beliefs and gender norms hindering women from becoming leaders. The study found that the appreciated leadership styles were characterized by a strong sense of equity in distributing resources and with zero tolerance to corruption. Men were the main decision-makers in the household, and traditions were passed through Maasai men via the age-set structure. Most religious leaders were against the practice of FGM/C, but traditional leaders played a more passive role, indirectly encouraging the practice. Mothers have a big role in the execution of FGM/C, as they initiate, organize, and prepare this rite of passage for their daughters. Girls had little say about the execution of FGM/C in their lives, and boys felt they have little influence since they see it as a women’s issue. Despite the law against FGM/C, education, and Christianity contributing to curbing the practice of FGM/C, girls and actors that stand up against FGM/C experienced stigmatization, discrimination, and peer pressure. The study highlights the importance of reinforcing female leadership among the Maasai and intensifying collaboration with traditional leaders within the age-set structures to curb FGM/C. Engaging Maasai men and boys in decision-making processes around FGM/C is also important.
